PROFINET International (PI), ODVA, and the FieldComm Group agreed on an Advanced Physical Layer (APL) specification, and these were further developed in various IEEE and ISO/IEC working groups and working groups worldwide.
Simultaneously, engineers working on these programs were able to leverage previous work done by their counterparts in single-pair Ethernet for automotive networks in cars. This also included Power Line Data (PoDL) functionality, all still within the scope of the single-pair copper wire engineering envelope.
Aire promotes the creation of MVNOs with its "turnkey" solution for companies
Aire (formerly Grupo Aire) consolidates its "turnkey" model that eliminates barriers to entry so that companies can become Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs) in an agile, simple way and without the need for their own infrastructure or technical knowledge.
