Additional mechanisms in underwater acoustic propagation
In underwater acoustic propagation, as discussed above, the shape of the sound speed profile and the value of the attenuation suffered by the signal, due to geometric divergence and the processes of absorption and reflections, have a special influence.

Transmission Models.
Several mathematical models study acoustic propagation in underwater media, notably ray tracing, normal mode, parabolic equation, and spectral integration models. However, the configuration of these mathematical models requires various parameters whose values ​​are not always known with certainty, which can lead to unreliable results.

This article describes the propagation of acoustic signals in underwater environments, where they are as important as radio frequencies in air. The first part provides a brief historical overview and the fundamental parameters governing acoustic propagation in water. The second part examines various existing models that study this propagation. The third part explores other mechanisms affecting the propagation of acoustic waves in water and presents several simulations of acoustic propagation under different conditions.