It consists of a proprietary network segment belonging to the operators or interconnection provider, another segment belonging to the building's owners' association, and a third segment belonging to the end user.
The network topologies employed are passive optical networks (PONs).
A distribution network structure has been designed to minimize user costs, similar to broadcasting networks. To achieve this, the only solution is to avoid intermediate amplification technology, which would incur costs for the operators, as well as amplification at the residential level.

OLT: Optical Line Termination - Equipment for concentrating, switching, and routing all aggregated FTTH network traffic.
PON: Passive Optical Network - Network structure composed of single-mode fiber cabling and passive components for upstream and downstream traffic distribution.
ONU: Optical Network Unit - Equipment that receives/transmits user services; an active optical device. Sometimes called a Residential Gateway, referring to the "Connected Home" concept.

For PON network design, the following must be considered:
- Minimize the number of connectors and adapters.
- Maximize the number of fusion splices (lower attenuation and greater reliability).
- Use the same type of fiber as the operator in the vicinity of the building; typically, we will use ITU-T G.652 single-mode to avoid unnecessary media conversion electronics that increase costs and add points of failure.
- Calculate the power balance that each residential user will receive in advance, taking into account the sensitivity of the ONUs and the power that the OLT equipment is capable of transmitting, so that there are no subsequent signal-to-noise ratio problems and proper reception is ensured (this calculation should be done for both uplink and downlink).